Free Public Databases from NLM and NAL

PubMed • Agricola • AltBib • Toxnet

 

UC Library Databases

Each campus offers a unique selection to their affiliates
UCB • UCD •UCI • UCLA • UCR • UCSB • UCSC • UCSD • UCSF

 

Educational Alternatives Databases

HSVMA and NORINA

 

Specialized Issues Databases

Supported by AltWeb

Pain • Endpoints

 

UC Animal Care Resources

UCB • UCD • UCI An Care & Use Prog & Univ Lab An Res • UCLA • UCR • UCSB • UCSC •
UCSD An Care Prog & An Subj Prog • UCSF Lab An Res Ctr & An Care & Use

 

Additional Information and Resources

Comprehensive list  of suggested databases and websites (UCCAA)
Comprehensive searches, by species examples  (UCCAA)
AALAS Learning Library: Web Courses and Exams

 

Alternatives Search Guidelines

Complying with USDA Policies 11 and 12
see also Alternatives Worksheet

Literature Search
A minimum of two database searches that reflects a serious effort to address the ‘3Rs’ (refinement, replacement, reduction) is required by federal law. It is also important to show that the proposed use of animals is not unnecessarily duplicative of other studies previously performed. 

The 3Rs are:

• Refinement of technique to reduce or eliminate unnecessary pain and distress an animal may experience.
• Reduction, which refers to an effort to reduce the number of animals used overall within the study. 
• Replacement refers to replacing animals with non-animal alternatives, non-mammalian or invertebrate species.  Alternatives could include in vitro methods that utilize organ, tissue and cell culture, computer simulation models, microorganisms, plants, or chemical techniques.

Result of Search for Alternatives
Indicate the results of this search for alternatives, and whether you were able to identify alternatives that are included in the studies proposed.  If no alternatives have been found, and if no prior studies have been performed that indicate duplication, then state this within the framework of the objectives of the study.   It is important to state the unique aspects of your study in relation to the published literature. Please also include any procedures you have performed that indicate your efforts to decrease the use of animals. This could include in vitro studies or those performed with invertebrate or non-mammalian species.  This helps document your efforts toward employing the concepts of the 3Rs.